Diaphragm Walls
Diaphragm walls bear with its static function the ground and water pressure and transfer them into the ground, through anchoring or ground resistance in its lower part. First of all, the excavation pit shall be made, in which guide walls are set up. They represent a kind of template for the diaphragm wall and define construction pit shape....
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Anchoring of the ground
The fundamental concept of ground reinforcement with ground nails involves fortification of the ground through passive driving in of nails, close to each other, in order to create a coherent construction and thus increase the overall strength of ground slitting and to limit dislocation. The main idea is to transmit sustainable tensile strength, generated by tamping the ground through friction, created in the surfaces.
Self-drilling IBO anchors are successfully used for anchoring in weak soil, coherent and non-coherent soils, and in case of unstable drilling.
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Pilots / Drilling pilots
Building by means of pilot holes is one of the oldest methods. It is applied in soft or water-saturated soil or in narrow building sites. Pilots vary according to the type of building, disposition and method used.
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Sheet piling
The sheet walls could be pressed, driven by vibrations or by hammering into the ground in compliance with the local ground characteristics. Moreover, they could be installed as dense wall, in excavated in the ground diaphragm panels. Since sheet walls are executed as barriers, which are water impermeable, it is possible at their joining with cohesive soil layer or artificial dense bottom, the need of ground water table lowering on big areas to drop out.
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Drainage
This system uses a series of wells, connected into a joint suction collector. Many single wells can be connected to one pump only (usually located in the suction collector). This type of system works effectively in variable soils and in shallow water-carrying layers, where the water level has been lowered to a waterproof layer.
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Construction excavations
Construction pits are formed from excavating the soil and include basements and the underground floors when the closed method of construction is applied. This includes all elements as walls, bottoms, reinforcement and retaining water. If the underground water level is above the lowest part of the pit (excavation bottom), they have to be lowered....
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